Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles: an alternative to conventional phosphorus fertilizers in acidic culture media

Abstract Background Traditional phosphorus fertilizers generally have low efficiencies due to their immobilization in soil, and a large part of these are not plant-available. Also, resources non-renewable. In recent years, great deal attention has been paid nanofertilizers because slow or controlled release also very small particle size which increases the solubility uptake nanoparticles plant. Hydroxyapatite importance as nanofertilizer thanks toxicity, biocompatibility, fact that products obtained from degradation, i.e., phosphate calcium ions, naturally available soils. Results this study, hydroxyapatite were synthesized using wet chemical precipitation method three formulations characterized with various techniques including electron microscopy, atomic force X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis. Chemical microscopic analyses showed was distributed different parts wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) To investigate fertilizing effects nanoparticles, used culture media alkaline acidic mixture peat moss perlite, cocopeat. Based on our observations, properties all media. However, potential strongly depended HAP demonstrated high be fertilizer Nevertheless, only slight effect observed Furthermore, findings study powder without need convert them suspension. Moreover, toxicity such way even less than triple super phosphate. Conclusions both suspension forms can considered an alternative conventional Our revealed likely dissolved absorbed by plant mainly form. Graphical